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Contact:
Navayuga Spatial Technologies Pvt Ltd

124, 3rd Floor, Surya Chambers,

Airport RoadMurugeshpalya

Bangalore - 560 017

India

www.navayugaspatial.com

Ph : 091-80-2522 6111 / 2, 4126 6881

Fax : 091-80-4126 6882

Sub: A Note on NST’s capability for Mapping, LIDAR Processing, GIS Solutions,
1. ABOUT NST
1. Navayuga Spatial Technologies Pvt. Ltd. (NST) is a business endeavor of Navayuga
Group - aiming at serving the needs of the national and global markets through focused,
innovative, efficient and quality products and services in all areas of spatial technology
and applications. NST brings horizontal and vertical integration of satellite/aerial Remote
Sensing, Photogrammetry, Positioning applications, GIS databases and applications,
GIS web-services and networking of GIS databases. Details on NST can be found on
www.navayugaspatial.com

2. NST is led by an astute spatial technology expert who has an impeccable and
professional experience of over 25 years in the GIS domain and is well-known in
national and international GIS circles. Apart from the Chief Executive Officer (CEO),
NST has a chosen team of thorough professionals in all the major domains of Spatial
Technology and Applications drawn from some of the premiere Institutions and private
sector of India. The team at NST includes professional Photogrammetry experts,
mapping experts, GIS experts, GPS and Ground Survey experts and also urban
planners, civil engineers and other resource background persons. NST has also on its
list expert Consultants that bring knowledge across verticals and provide the best
technological solutions for applications.

3. We at NST, have considerable expertise in large-scale Base and City Mapping – using
aerial, satellite images and ground-based surveys. Our expertise in utility Assets GIS is
quite strong and we have experienced people in this domain. We seamlessly integrate
features from aerial images, satellite images and ground surveys to create a unique GIS
for land assets in cities and rural areas. NST offers a proven, cost and time effective
process to undertake such mapping and GIS projects with assured high Quality and
process standardization.

4. NST understands Geographic Information System (GIS) the best – our people have
been working with Arc products way back from 1980s. Our experts have the fullest
knowledge of Arc-suite of products and have proficiency in Arc GIS, SDE, Arc-IMS, Arc
Plan and other GIS software tools. We use Arc suite for capturing of data, archival,
adding survey data, integration of data sets; design of efficient data bases, developing
user interface front-ends and organizing web-GIS & also for integrated analysis of GIS
datasets. We adapt the ability of GIS to identify new spatial relationship from the existing
database elements and present the results of the analysis in a “new visualization” of
spatial information.

5. The importance of Mapping GIS, in various fields of city planning and utility
management and planning is understood and appreciated worldwide. We at NST have
the requisite expertise with us to design, build and organise spatial databases for
applications that deal with utility networks, assets and consumers. Our experts have
executed mapping and GIS applications including Landbase creation for cities/rural
areas for Telecom, Electricity, Gas, Transportation and Water sectors.

2. PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND MAPPING CAPABILITIES OF NST
6. NST has experience of using various input data sets that are used for mapping
applications:
• Aerial Photographs (Raw or Processed; 15 - 25 cm resolution)
• Satellite Images - IKONOS, Orbview, Quick Bird (0.6 m to 1 m resolution
Images).
• Ground Survey data (collected using GPS or other ground survey techniques)
• Existing Vectors (from available maps)
• Other Datasets – topographic maps,
• Specialised Utility data – which varies from utility to utility, Say for power, the
available network and Electrical drawings, attribute data related to the power
distribution network and application, other literature in the form of reports etc. are
also incorporated.
7. The Mapping activity process adopted by NST includes:
• scanning of analog aerial photographs, if scanned images are not supplied by
the client. Large format Digital aerial cameras or Airborne LIDAR with Digital
camera can also be processed.
• Orientation procedures (with RPC and ground controls for the high resolution
satellite images or with Aero Triangulation process with ground controls and auto
tie points for aerial images)
• Stereo model generation
• DEM / Contour extraction from stereo images. LIDAR data processing for
generation of accurate landbase and profiling can be done, if airborne LIDAR
data is available
• Generation of orthoi-mages
• Creation of base map from ortho-images or in stereo, 3-dimensional objects are
required.

IN ADDITION
• If the above image based approach is not possible / necessary, existing
hardcopy / digital platbooks available with the county governments or from the
private parties can be used for base map generation.
• If digital data is to be procured, the accuracy of the data, its seamless integrity
running across section boundaries in the requisite projection system need to be
checked and ordered.
• If hardcopy data is procured, the same can be scanned and digitsed for creation
of digital land-base. The projection system followed by the county government
shall be followed. While data capturing the seamless geo-referencing of
individual sheets will be taken care

QUALITY CHECKS
• Mapping done using 2-d or 3-d techniques will undergo a strict quality check for
planimetric and scale compliance before final acceptance under the supervision
of experts.
• In order to create a seamless geographical area mosaicing (joining more No of
map sheets) is done. Edge Matching is done by bringing two adjoining sheets file
and matching is done with their edges to form a “Seamless Map”. All these are
done in digital environment.

• Map cleanup is done to remove the unwanted features such as dangles,
undershoots, duplicate objects etc. The maps are checked for various errors
such as ‘features continuity’, ‘missing entities nos.’ ‘duplicate text no.’, ‘layers
checking’ etc. These checks are carried out using the customized utilities
developed by the NST GIS Development Team.
• Topology is built by categorizing all the layers into 3 feature i.e. point, line and
polygon. Attributes are attached to the respective spatial data.
• The GIS database is organized as geo-databases in Arc technology products.

ADDITIONAL ATTRIBUTE INFORMATION
• The engineering drawings/pans or as built drawings of the existing assets
available with the client will be the input. If digital data is available, the details,
information and format will be studied and the same will be converted onto the
base map, appropriately. If the data are as hardcopy maps, the same will be
scanned and locally warped on to the base map prepared from the aerial /
satellite images. The asset details will then be reconstructed, spatially with
supporting info.
• During overlay and reconstruction process, the categorization of assets and
other relevant details are attached to the objects. This will facilitate in easy
integration of the data into the ARCGIS Suite (ARC FM) of software.

8. GIS integration – Additional data available with the client in any format would be
appropriately converted in to the digital form and into the GIS software. The same would
be spatially referenced and attribute data would be attached.

9. Customised application will be developed using ARCGIS engine with ARC SDE - ARC
EDITOR to suit the actual requirements of the user.

10. As far as Mapping is concerned, our team experts have done include mapping for
>10000 sq km with >7to8000 models; aero-triangulation for >5000sq km with about
12000 control points. Our team has used 1:3000 to 1:40000 scale Aerial photos and
mapping done was on scales of 1:500 to 1:2000.

3. LIDAR DATA PROCESSING CAPABILITIES OF NST
11. The recent advancement in the aerial platform is the Airborne LIDAR (Light detection
and Ranging). Airborne LIDAR mapping is tightly integrated with an onboard Kinematics
GPS and an Inertial Measuring Unit (IMU). This gives the advantage of measuring the
position of the aircraft for every one-second that can be used for getting finer intervals
with differential processing. The IMU helps in getting the attitude of the laser sensor for
200 times per second which helps in determining the principle position of the laser
scanner and in turn the range of the objects from the sensor. LIDAR is normally
integrated with the Digital Camera, which is used to get the images along with laser
data. The laser helps to create Digital Elevation Models with an accuracy of 25cms at
closed spaced ground points at 1 meter intervals.

12. It will also be possible to get the terrain information even under forest / tree cover, which
in other cases is highly difficult to process. The Applications for LIDAR generated data
are DEM / DTM Generation, Quick Ortho Photo Maps, Disaster Management, Canal
link studies, Alignment Studies, Power Line Monitoring and Maintenance, Flood
Mapping, Forest Mapping, Coastal Storm Surge Studies, 3D city modeling, Urban
Planning, Transmission Line study, Sag tension Mapping etc.

13. As NST understands, the process flow steps in a Lidar Survey would include:
• Data download (GPS, laser, camera)
• GPS data processing
• Integrate with IMU data for processing smooth best estimated trajectory
• With SBET, process laser data
• Get point cloud laser data on required projection system and format (preferebaly
LAS format)
• Process LAS data.
• Create small blocks for easy handling and processing
• Perform basic automated filtering tool to classify lidar data
• Perform manual / semi automatic / custom built automated filtering tool for final
refinement and classification.
• Capture breaklines as needed with custom built tools
• Create Surface (with TIN or regular grid)
• Create Contour
• Create Ortho with Laser Data
• Value added services include powerline processing, 3D building capture, Tree
height estimation, Volume calculation, Visualisation etc.,
• (Processes for calibration of laser data is not included in this)

14. NST expertise of processing and mapping with Airborne LIDAR data
• Processing of LIDAR data for >1000 Sq km of area
• Ground control survey and processing of GPS and IMU data for >1000 km
• Classification of LIDAR data into vegetation, ground, powerline
• Powerline data classification mapping for ~25 line Km
• Breakline and DEM / contour generation for >600 Sq km
• Seamless colour balanced Ortho-images mosaic generation with integrated digital
camera data for > 600 Sq km
• Calibration of ALS 50 LIDAR – DC system

15. The data processing expertise of NST personnel is mainly in Applanix POSPAC for
GPS/IMU processing; Terrascan and Terra model for Laser data classification,
processing, DEM and Contour generation and SOCET-SET / VirtuoZo / LPS / Photomod
for Ortho processing

4. END-TO-END GIS SOLUTIONS
16. NSTs experts have vast experience in developing, launching or implementing a
Geographic Information System (GIS) for organizations and solutions that are
applications-oriented. NSTs team can work on any GIS platform and provide final
solutions. A strategic approach in meeting user needs can en break-down tasks to just
GIS database creation, GIS standards implementation, maintaining and updating GIS
archives, implementing total systems design for organizational GIS and even building
applications on GIS databases as per user requirements.

17. Taking a holistic approach of spatial data creation, GIS ingest, GIS database
organization and maintenance and GIS applications development can relieve users and
organization of the "technology assimilation" curve and enable them to benefit from
spatial technology solutions more effectively.

18. NST can establish and maintain GIS portals for organizations with a back-end spatial
data repository and middle-layer applications on a front-end web-GIS. NST caters to the
future of spatial technology - its integration with web and wireless systems that can offer
GIS services on a variety of devices - internet, desktop, hand-held, mobile etc. NST
recognizes that GIS on small hand-held terminals (like Simputers and PDAs) will be the
order of tomorrow and can provide Location Based Services (LBS) through mobile and
internet. Organizations and agencies wanting to offer Web-based spatial solutions on
internets or closed intranets can be well served by the team at NST.

19. NST provides best practices for GIS solutions development and can provide a business
critical software development platform that can successfully incorporate quality design
and proven management techniques into client software projects. NST can provide
seamless software for integrated GIS and IT solutions - that can be niche for
conventional IT or specialized GIS requirements. NST can undertake, build and deploy
spatial technology and applications software, design and architecture GIS systems and
systematically take up GIS applications testing and quality assurance. NST can also
develop customized GIS applications utilities that can enhance productivity and client
operational needs.

20. NST also offers GIS consulting and can even prepare feasibility reports, project
assessment reports and conduct market and research surveys in this field. NSTs
expertise can benefit organizations to implement GIS standards that comply with their
own needs and integrated into national (NNRMS Standards, NRIS Standards, NSDE
Standards etc) and international standards (ISO, OGC-GML) and others.

21. Some of the specific end-to-end GIS Applications that NST personnel have been
involved in are:
• Urban or City GIS – for Urban planning and Urban management/administration
• GIS for Farmer’s Information System
• GIS for Environmental Management
• GIS for Optimal Landuse Planning
• Cadastral GIS or Land Information System
• Port GIS – for management of Ports
• Utility GIS – mainly as Power GIS; Telecom GIS; Transportation GIS
• Enterprise GIS Solutions - Police GIS for use by police authorities
• GIS Warehousing
• Spatial DSS Development

22. NST experts have high-level of experience in GIS solutions and have undertaken the
design and development of Decision-Support Systems based on the use of Earth
Observation images and of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) tools. NST experts
have been the key person in the design, definition and implementation of the Indian
Natural Resources Management System (NRIS) – a seamless state-wise multi-layered
GIS database with applications for development and planning; developing high-quality
GIS applications in support of district planning, urban planning, wasteland development,
etc. NST has experience in the strategy development, action plan development and
implementation of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) and developing of large-area
distributed Spatial Information systems servers that could be threaded into a SDI. NST
personnel have designed and developed solutions for Natural Resources information
Repository (NRR) – a comprehensive repository infrastructure for natural resources
management. NST has experience in the conceptualisation, design and implementation
of the content generation for the repository, the database design element and access
element of the NRR.

23. NST can undertake applications development on GIS platforms. Some of the GIS
solutions and services we can support include the following;
• Natural resource management –inventory and management of agriculture
crops, land cover and land use, forestry resources, water resources
etc…, establishing a natural resources information system, around a GIS
core, will be key for many government needs.
• Disaster and emergency response-where applications of GIS for
response and rehab/relief work is the core.
• Land records with a Land Information System(LIS)
• Urban management, property and taxation applications as part of an
urban GIS where multi-scale GIS solutions for planning and
administration of urban areas and optimizing tax-collection can be
enabled.
• Port GIS to support planning and management of ports-both already
operational and new ones being taken up.
• Aviation GIS to support Airports Asset management and air-traffic control
requirements.
• Traffic and Road management-mainly as road infrastructure planning and
management.
• GIS in energy and power sector
• Telecom GIS to support fixed and mobile telecom services
• Transport GIS for optimizing fleet operations and transport networks.
• Police GIS to support police and security requirements.
• Defense applications and services.
• Engineering GIS to support construction, architectural and landscaping
applications.
• Enterprise GIS to support retailing requirements, business Geographic’s,
real estate requirements.
• Unique solutions for energy sector applications.
• Host of applications front-ending spatial technologies on conventional IT
back-ends